What is an ICO file?
ICO is the icon format of Windows. Unlike a JPG or PNG, one ICO file holds the same picture at several sizes. Windows chooses the closest one for each place it shows the icon: tiny in a file list, larger on the desktop, and up to 256 px in File Explorer’s extra large icons view. Browsers do the same with a favicon, picking 16 or 32 px for a tab and larger sizes on high-resolution screens.
Shrinking one large image on the fly looks worse than a size made in advance, which is why icon files carry several. This converter draws every size directly from your original image rather than from the next size up, so small sizes stay as sharp as they can be.
How this converter builds the icon
Making it square. Icons are square. With Crop the center, the middle of the image fills the icon and the edges of a wide or tall image are cut off. With Fit whole image, the full image is kept and the empty space beside or above it is transparent.
Choosing sizes. All sizes puts 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 128 and 256 px in one file, which suits both Windows and websites. The favicon set keeps the file small for a website. A single size is useful when an app asks for an icon of one exact size.
Inside the file. Sizes up to 128 px are stored as 32-bit bitmaps with an alpha channel and a transparency mask, and the 256 px size as PNG. That’s the layout Windows uses for its own icons, and it opens in old and new software alike.
If your image is smaller than 256 px, the larger sizes are enlarged from it and will look soft. For the sharpest result, start from an image at least 256 px on its shorter side.
Tips for a good icon
- Start simple. A logo, a single object or a letter reads better at 16 px than a full scene.
- Fill the square. Crop out empty background before converting so the subject uses the whole icon.
- Check the small sizes. Look at the icon in a folder at small and large view settings before using it everywhere.
If you need a plain image instead of an icon, such as a profile picture, crop the image into a circle or convert it from JPG to PNG. If your logo is an SVG, convert the SVG to PNG at 256 px or more first, then make the icon from that PNG.